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What Is Infrastructure as Code? Terraform, OpenTofu, Bicep, Pulumi and When to Use Which

Infrastructure as Code means describing infrastructure in code and letting a tool bring it to the desired state; running the same code twice changes nothing, and a manual change shows up as drift in the next plan. We compare a bash script with Terraform on the same job, look at the code-plan-apply-state loop, place Terraform, OpenTofu, Bicep, Pulumi and Ansible, and work out selection criteria for a team after the BSL, OpenTofu and the retirement of CDKTF.